What do “meester” and “juf” mean in Dutch schools?

In Dutch and Belgian primary schools, kids address their teachers by meester (male) or juf (female), never by first or last name. The convention starts at age 4 in groep 1 and runs through groep 8 (age 12), at which point it switches to meneer and mevrouw in middle school. Meester and juf aren’t formal exactly; they’re warm, almost familial. A teacher beloved enough is meester Bart or juf Anouk. Dutch primary schooling reads as more affectionate than the surname-only Anglo classroom.

In this Quinn en Aaron sketch, a kid hands his teacher a last-day gift: “Trouwens meester, ik heb iets voor u.” The teacher’s deadpan: “Wat fijn dat ik elk jaar hetzelfde cadeautje krijg.”