What does the German prefix “ver-” mean in words like “verwelkt”?

Germans rarely just say kaputt for something spoiled — they reach for a ver- verb that names exactly how. A banana goes verfault (rotten), cheese verschimmelt (moldy), a flower verwelkt (wilted), an apple verfärbt (discolored). The ver- prefix does the work each time: attached to a plain word, it signals a change into a worse state, usually one that can’t be undone.

The pattern reaches beyond food and flowers: iron verrostet (rusts), and someone can verschlafen (oversleep) or verlaufen (get lost) — same prefix, same idea of drifting into an unwanted state through no plan of your own. Once you can spot ver- doing this job, plenty of “gone wrong” verbs become guessable before you ever look them up.